Useful Commands

Apache Related Commands

Apache options to ibay

Expand httpd.conf template:

expand-template /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
sv h /service/httpd-e-smith

ou

/sbin/e-smith/expand-template /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
/usr/bin/sv h /service/httpd-e-smith

Restart httpd:

/etc/init.d/httpd-e-smith restart

or

sv t /service/httpd-e-smith

To leave Apache reads the distributed configuration file .htaccess per ibay:

db accounts setprop IBAYNAME AllowOverride All
signal-event ibay-modify IBAYNAME

if you want to remove

db accounts delprop IBAYNAME AllowOverride
signal-event ibay-modify IBAYNAME

enable Symlinks in that iBay

db accounts setprop IBAYNAME FollowSymLinks enabled
signal-event ibay-modify IBAYNAME

if you want to remove

db accounts delprop IBAYNAME FollowSymLinks
signal-event ibay-modify IBAYNAME

disable apache directory indexes per ibay:

db accounts setprop IBAYNAME Indexes disabled
signal-event ibay-modify IBAYNAME

if you want to remove

db accounts delprop IBAYNAME Indexes
signal-event ibay-modify IBAYNAME

PHPBaseDir per ibay:

db accounts setprop IBAYNAME PHPBaseDir /home/e-smith/files/ibays/IBAYNAME/:/tmp/
signal-event ibay-modify IBAYNAME

Allow PHP URL File Open per ibay:

Make custom httpd directory if not exist

mkdir -p /etc/e-smith/templates-custom/etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf

Create the template name 99allow_url_fopen and put the content

<Directory /home/e-smith/files/ibays/IBAYNAME/html>
php_admin_flag allow_url_fopen on
</Directory>

Save the file

Expand

expand-template /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf

Restart httpd.

/etc/init.d/httpd-e-smith restart

https forced redirection using custom template

see Https_redirection

If it does not already exist then create the following directory

mkdir -p /etc/e-smith/templates-custom/etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf/VirtualHosts

cd /etc/e-smith/templates-custom/etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf/VirtualHosts

nano 60redir-ibayname1

Paste or type the following code including the brackets, replacing ibayname with the name of your ibay

{
if ($port ne "443")
{
$OUT .= <<'HERE';
## Redirect Web Address to Secure Address
RewriteEngine on
RewriteRule ^/ibayname https://%{HTTP_HOST}/ibayname

## End Of Redirect
HERE
}
}

Save the file & exit by Ctrl+x

/sbin/e-smith/expand-template /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf

/etc/init.d/httpd restart

Command-Line Quick Reference Guide

Below is a list of commands that I use all the time & tend to forget.

Generic Linux

COMMAND NAME	DESCRIPTION
df -h	shows disk usage in human readable form
man <commandname>	shows more info about a command
uname -a	kernel release version
/usr/sbin/smbd -V	samba version
/usr/sbin/httpd -v	apache version
mysql -v	mysql version
php -v	php version
mv	moves or renames a file
cp	copies or backup a file
rm	removes or deletes a file
grep <process>	outputs processes running <process>
ps -AH	report process status
top	shows processes
top -i	shows only active processes
htop	shows processes (more versatile than top)
iptraf	shows network info
mc -d	show midnight commander (cli file browser) to navigate through system easily
cat /proc/mdstat	shows software raid
host -t mx aol.com	shows the mx records for aol.com
net groupmap list	shows samba mappings to nt groups
telinit 1	changes to single user mode
ifconfig	shows detailed info on ethernet ports
grep -r "casesensitivesearch" *	finds all documents containing the criteria in a dir
tail -f /var/log/<LOGFILE>	realtime viewing of your log file
hdparm -Tt /dev/mdx (where x is 0,1,2,etc)	shows software raid performance
mdadm --detail /dev/mdx (where x is 0,1,2,etc)	gives raid info
tar -czvf foo.tar.gz foo	creates a tar/zip file of a directory
tar -xvzf foo.tar.gz	untar/unzip a tar/zip file
scp -P <ssh_portnumber> foo.tar.gz <user>@<other_server_ipaddress>:/opt	transfers file to another server in /opt directory
rsync --progress -te "ssh -p <ssh_portnumber>" foo <other_server_ipaddress>:/opt	transfers file to another server
sed -i s/foo/fee/g <FILENAMEORPATHTODIR>	replaces foo with fee
watch mysqladmin process	shows the mysql processes running

Estimate file space usage - drill down into directories

cd /
du --si --max-depth 1
cd /home
du --si --max-depth 1
cd /home/e-smith
du --si --max-depth 1

RPM's

Command	Explanation
rpm -qa	shows all rpms installed
rpm -qa --last	shows all rpms installed & installation date
rpm -q	asks for rpm info
rpm -qi	asks for detailed rpm info
rpm -ql <packagename>	lists all files in a package
rpm -qf <filename>	reports what package a file belongs to

YUM'ing and repositories

Command	Explanation
yum install <packagename>	installs packagename & any package it may need
yum remove <packagename>	removes packagename
yum list updates	list updates to any installed package
yum list available	list available packages in all repos not already installed
grep <reponame>	list available packages -shows only from repo name
yum search <packagename>	lists all packages in all repos matching packagename
yum clean all	Is used to clean up various things which accumulate in the yum cache
yum --enablerepo=<reponame> <command>	enables a repo not normally enabled
/sbin/e-smith/audittools/newrpms	shows all extra packages installed
/sbin/e-smith/audittools/repositories	show all repositories and if they are activated or not
db yum_repositories show <reponame>	show properties of the repository <reponame> (you may use TAB to auto-complete your command line)

Restoring Default Yum Repositories

	Note:
	If you have problems with your yum setup you may have entered incorrect repository values. Remove the current values and restore the original setting with these commands

cd /home/e-smith/db/
mv yum_repositories yum_repositories.po
/etc/e-smith/events/actions/initialize-default-databases

Now you have a clean install, you can re-add 3rd party repos as described above

signal-event yum-modify

and check if you can update your server

yum update

Mail

see Email

check blocked email address by the server

grep -i 'blocked email address' /var/log/qpsmtpd/current

maximum email size

Email#Set_max_email_size

Spam filter with Server-Manager

Using the Server-Manager Configuration/E-Mail panel, adjust the settings to these reasonable defaults.

• Virus scanning Enabled
• Spam filtering Enabled
• Spam sensitivity Custom
• Custom spam tagging level 4
• Custom spam rejection level 12
• Sort spam into junkmail folder Enabled
• Modify subject of spam messages Enabled

spam retention in junk mailbox

The server will automatically delete old spam in the junkmail folders after 90 days. You can control the number of days old spam is kept with the following commands. Where 15 is the number of days you want to keep messages, do...

db configuration setprop spamassassin MessageRetentionTime 15
signal-event email-update
svc -t /service/qpsmtpd

then config show spamassassin

Mail Statistics

See Mailstats for details on the mailstats package.

yum install --enablerepo=smecontribs smeserver-mailstats

Whitelist and Blacklist

If mail comes in and it is misclassified as spam, you can add the sender to the whitelist so that future messages coming in from that sender are not filtered. Conversely, you can add a spammer to the blacklist so you never see their spam again. Add senders (or their entire domains) to the global whitelist (or blacklist) with commands similar to these (as root):

db spamassassin setprop wbl.global *@vonage.com White
db spamassassin setprop wbl.global *domain2.com White
db spamassassin setprop wbl.global user@domain3.com White
db spamassassin setprop wbl.global spammer@spamdomain.com Black

expland template and save the configuration to the database

expand-template /etc/mail/spamassassin/local.cf
svc -t /service/spamd

You can view the lists with this command:

db spamassassin show

MySQL

There appears to be no password set for the MySQL root password, but this is not true. If you are logged in to the SME Server shell a special mechanism is in place to log you in with MySQL root privileges without prompting you for the password.

The MySQL root password for SME Server is a 72 character random string generated during installation of SME Server. You should never change the MySQL root password as this will break your SME Server configuration. How to login as MySQL root user? describes how to access MySQL with root privileges on SME Server.

For more informations you can see the MySQL page

Login as MySQL root user

To login as MySQL root user, simply type 'mysql' at the SME Server shell, this will log you in with root privileges. the mysql admin password is a random password generated which can be find

• /root/.my.cnf
• /etc/ldap.secret

do not modify these files.

if you need to call the mysql password in a script you can invoke this bash variable

PWD=$(cat /etc/ldap.secret)

Create a Database and its User

Create a new MySQL database (In this example the database name is databasename. Change databasename, username and password with your own choices as required)

Login as root and issue the following command:

mysql
create database databasename;
grant all privileges on databasename.* to username identified by 'password';
flush privileges;
exit

Delete a database

When you want to erase a mysql database

drop database database-name;

Other useful MySQL commands:

mysqlshow;

list all available database. Use 'mysqlshow --help' for all available options.

SELECT user FROM mysql.user;

display a list of the MySQL users

SHOW GRANTS FOR 'user'@'localhost';

list the privileges granted to the account user

GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'new_dba'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'password' WITH GRANT OPTION;
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;

give all rights on all databases for new_dba user

GRANT SELECT, UPDATE, INSERT, DELETE ON database.* TO 'new_user'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'password';
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;

give all rights on database for new_user

mysqladmin drop databasename;

will let you destroy a database. Use with care. Use 'mysqladmin --help' for all available options.

PHP Related Commands

Show current php settings

config show php

Expand php.ini template

expand-template /etc/php.ini

Configure PHP Basedir Restriction per ibay

db accounts setprop IBAYNAME PHPBaseDir DIR1:DIR2:DIRn
signal-event ibay-modify IBAYNAME

Example

db accounts setprop Primary PHPBaseDir /home/e-smith/files/ibays/Primary:/tmp
signal-event ibay-modify Primary

Configure PHP UploadDir Restriction per ibay

	Note:
	need test if it doesn't work see Uploadtmpdir

db accounts setprop IBAYNAME  PHPUploadDir DIR1:DIR2:DIRn
signal-event ibay-modify IBAYNAME

Example

db accounts setprop Primary PHPUploadDir /home/e-smith/files/ibays/Primary/tmp
signal-event ibay-modify Primary

Execution Time

db configuration setprop php MaxExecutionTime ZZ
expand-template /etc/php.ini
/etc/init.d/httpd-e-smith restart

where ZZ is the time in seconds.

Memory Limit

db configuration setprop php MemoryLimit XXM
expand-template /etc/php.ini
/etc/init.d/httpd-e-smith restart

where XX is the amount of memory in Mb.

Upload Max File Size

db configuration setprop php UploadMaxFilesize WW
expand-template /etc/php.ini
/etc/init.d/httpd-e-smith restart

where WW is the file size in Mb.

Allow URL FOpen

Not secure. Instead use per ibay or directory.

Squid Cache

Extracted from: http://forums.contribs.org/index.php?topic=38848.msg176737#msg176737

Flush and Restart

sv d /service/squid
echo "" > /var/spool/squid/swap.state
sv u /service/squid

& to check it's running

sv s /service/squid

SSH

Enable SSH

• Enable ssh access (the lazy not-so-secure way, but I am assuming for this testing/dev scenario that your external IP is really a local address behind a router)

db configuration setprop sshd status enabled
db configuration setprop sshd PermitRootLogin yes
db configuration setprop sshd acccess public
db configuration setprop sshd PasswordAuthentication yes
/sbin/e-smith/signal-event remoteaccess-update

• Allow ssh in public or private mode : public= all internet private= only your network

db configuration sshd access public
signal-event remoteaccess-update

Access to the terminal of your remote sme

ssh root@ip-sme-or-remote-hostname

or

ssh -pX root@ip-sme-or-remote-host (X is the port listened by ssh service)

Note:

you need to forward in your router the port 22 (or whatever you decide) to your internal sme's ip and allow ssh in the server-manager with the root login and Password Authentication (Security/Remote Access menu). You can enhance security by disabling the root connection : Allow administrative command line access over secure shell NO Keep in mind that you need to set the service to public access (entire internet) if you want to be accessible by ssh outside of you network (see the Denyhosts contrib for banning hosts which failed too many login attempts to your ssh deamon.)

Execute or run a command over ssh to a remote server and auto disconnect after quit

ssh -t root@ip-sme-or-remote-hostname command

where 'command' is the program or command to run. An example could be:

ssh -t root@192.168.1.5 top

Access to the server-manager through SSH

We can access to the server-manager of your remote SME Server by SSH with a tunneling protocol initiated by "ssh -L". This command has to be done by a superuser in a Terminal like if you want to be connected to your SME Server by SSH.

	Note:
	We assume that ports are forwarded in your router to your sme internal IP (443 and 22) and the root user is allowed to access by ssh to the server.

Do this in a root terminal of your Linux computer outside of your network

ssh -L 443:localhost:443 root@your-static-external-network-IP-or-host.dyndsn.org

host.dyndsn.org could be a free service as dyndns.org or noip.com

Keep the terminal open, Then you need to use this specific URL in your WEB Browser to go to the server-manager

https://localhost/server-manager

	Tip:
	It is possible to use putty if you are afraid about some commands in a terminal, you can find a lot of examples by typing this in google tunneling by putty

Access with non standard ports

In certain cases which you are not root on the local computer, you can not redirect port < 1024, so you have to use port > 1024 as the example below.

ssh -L 9443:localhost:443 root@your-remote-ip -p 22

9443 : local port
443 : remote https port
your-remote-ip : the remote host (could be an ip or a domain name)
22 : this is the port where the ssh server is listening, you can change it in accordance with the remote server

Keep the terminal open, Then you need to use this specific URL in your WEB Browser to go to the server-manager

https://localhost:9443/server-manager

SME Server specific

Command	Explanation
signal-event post-upgrade	performs SME Server to go regenerate all templates
signal-event reboot	reboots the server
signal-event <event>	performs SME Server to go regenerate event template (you may use TAB to auto-complete your command line)
signal-event console-save	Expands templates and reconfigures services which can be changed from the text-mode console and which do not require a reboot
signal-event dns-update	refreshes the DNS cache, useful for when you know a domain has changed IP and the TTL is too long to wait
/etc/e-smith/events/actions/navigation-conf	recreates server-manager navigation panel
config show	display the internal configuration of the server
config show <service name>	show the service configuration (you may use TAB to auto-complete your command line)
db	shows the syntax of the db command
db configuration show	shows the entire server configuration
db configuration setprop <record> <property> <value>	sets or changes a property in the configuration database
db accounts show	shows all account details
db accounts show <accountname>	shows the account details
/etc/e-smith/events/actions/initialize-default-databases	action for initializing the default database values

db command

	Note:
	SME Server comes with the most used parameters set as variables in its internal configuration databases. These variables are used to store values to be used in the final configuration files. Please, read the SME_Server:Documentation:Developers_Manual:Section2 to understand the template and database process.

you can see this page of the wiki DB_Variables_Configuration

Setting db variables to default values

	Note:
	Use of 'config' is a shorthand version for 'db configuration' and therefore only works with the configuration database

Any db variable that has a default value can be reset to the default by deleting the variable entirely, then re-initializing the default database values as follows:

config delprop <key> <prop>
/etc/e-smith/events/actions/initialize-default-databases

Delete a property value

To delete the property

db accounts delprop <key> <prop>

Reset a property value

To reset to an empty value

db accounts setprop <key> <prop> ''

	Warning:
	Database parameters are case sensitive so take great care when typing at the server shell because no error messages are given should you make a mistake.

Give a shell access to "user"

db accounts setprop user Shell /bin/bash
signal-event user-modify user

Give some external or internal access permissions to foo service

config setprop foo PublicAccess OPTION
signal-event console-save

OPTION is either of the following.

       none             => No access
       local            => Local network  (no password required)
       local-pw         => Local network  (password required)
       global           => Entire Internet(no password required)
       global-pw        => Entire Internet(password required)
       global-pw-remote => Entire Internet(password required outside local network)

General Service Handling

• start

sv u /service/servicename

• stop

sv d /service/servicename

• restart

sv t /service/servicename

	Tip:
	you may use TAB to auto-complete your command line

Example

Restarting:

sv t /service/httpd-e-smith

Password strength

First a warning - Far too many systems out there have weak passwords and they will be broken into. Educating your users on the necessity of strong passwords is the best option. If that fails, here is how you change the password strength checking from 'strong' to 'normal', which was the setting in previous versions of SME. Be careful to use the exact capitalization.

config setprop passwordstrength Admin normal
config setprop passwordstrength Users normal
config setprop passwordstrength Ibays normal

It is also possible, but strongly discouraged, to disable password strength checking by setting to 'none'

none   : no check is performed on the password
normal : the password must be composed of at least seven characters with uppercase and lowercase letters, numbers and non-alphanumeric characters
strong : the restrictions are the same as for the normal level, but in addition, the password is verified by cryptlib which ensures its actual complexity

Signalling events : Signal-event

The signal-event program takes an event name as an argument, and executes all of the actions in that event, providing the event name as the first parameter and directing all output to the system log. It works by listing the entries in the event directory and executing them in sequence. So for example, the command:

signal-event console-save

will perform all the actions associated with the console-save event, which is defined by the contents of the /etc/e-smith/events/console-save/ directory. This is exactly what the console user interface does when you select save at the end of the console configuration wizard.

see all options

---