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Jump to navigationJump to searchRsyncd setup on a windows computer for use with Affa backup (view source)
Revision as of 03:34, 12 November 2011
, 03:34, 12 November 2011→Purpose
=== Purpose ===
=== Purpose ===
Using Cygwin rsync on a Windows computer to backup it remotely over ssh does not work as the Cygwin rsync process hangs. This problem has been reported frequently but was not solved yet. The only known workaround is running the rsync daemon.
Using Cygwin rsync on a Windows computer to backup it remotely over ssh does not work as the Cygwin rsync process hangs. This problem has been reported frequently but was not solved yet. The only known workaround is running the rsync daemon.
This document describes the installation and configuration of the rsync daemon in the cygwin environment on a Windows XP computer for the purpose to backup data using the Affa backup software.
This document describes the installation and configuration of the rsync daemon in the cygwin environment on a Windows XP computer for the purpose to backup data using the Affa backup software.
Affa versions 0.9.0 or higher support the rsyncd protocol.
{{Note box| Cygwin requires a Windows OS with NTFS file system. Does not work on FAT32 file system}}
{{Note box| The latest and maintained version of this Howto can be found [http://wiki.nikoforge.org/ here].}}
=== Installation ===
=== Installation ===
Login a Administrator and create a folder C:\cygwin. Save http://cygwin.com/setup.exe to this folder and run it:
Login with the '''local''' Administrator account and create a folder C:\cygwin. Save http://cygwin.com/setup.exe to this folder and run it:
[[Image:Cygwin-install-screenshot-1.png]]
[[Image:Cygwin-install-screenshot-1.png]]
* from category Net: openssh, rsync
* from category Net: openssh, rsync
* from category Editor: vim (or any other editor of your choice)
* from category Editor: vim (or any other editor of your choice)
* from category Utils: diffutils
[[Image:Cygwin-install-screenshot-7.png]]
[[Image:Cygwin-install-screenshot-7.png]]
=== Configuration ===
=== Configuration ===
Run the ''Cygwin Bash Shell'' from the ''Start Menu''.
Run the ''Cygwin Bash Shell'' from the ''Start Menu''.
==== Configuring sshd Service ====
==== Configuring the sshd Service ====
{{Note box|The sshd service is not needed for the Affa backup but it is quite useful to have a ssh login for configuration or viewing log files. You can skip this step, if you don't need ssh login.}}
{{Note box|The sshd service is not needed for the Affa backup but it is quite useful to have a ssh login for configuration or viewing log files. You can skip this step, if you don't need ssh login.}}
ssh-host-config
ssh-host-config
You are asked a few questions. Answer them as shown in the script dialog below (in bold text).
You are asked a few questions. Answer them as shown in the script dialog below (in bold text).
===== On Windows Vista =====
{{Incomplete}}
.
===== On Windows XP, Windows 2000 Workstation and Windows 2000 Server =====
Generating /etc/ssh_host_key
Generating /etc/ssh_host_key
Generating /etc/ssh_host_rsa_key
Generating /etc/ssh_host_rsa_key
Should this script create a local user 'sshd' on this machine? (yes/no) '''yes'''
Should this script create a local user 'sshd' on this machine? (yes/no) '''yes'''
Generating /etc/sshd_config file
Generating /etc/sshd_config file
Added ssh to C:\WINDOWS\system32\drivers\etc\services
Added ssh to F:\WINDOWS\system32\drivers\etc\services
Warning: The following functions require administrator privileges!
Do you want to install sshd as service?
(Say "no" if it's already installed as service) (yes/no) '''yes'''
Which value should the environment variable CYGWIN have when
sshd starts? It's recommended to set at least "ntsec" to be
able to change user context without password.
Default is "ntsec". CYGWIN='''ntsec'''
The service has been installed under LocalSystem account.
To start the service, call `net start sshd' or `cygrunsrv -S sshd'.
Host configuration finished. Have fun!
===== On Windows Server 2003 =====
Choose a random string for the password. You'll never need it again.
Generating /etc/ssh_host_key
Generating /etc/ssh_host_rsa_key
Generating /etc/ssh_host_dsa_key
Generating /etc/ssh_config file
Privilege separation is set to yes by default since OpenSSH 3.3.
However, this requires a non-privileged account called 'sshd'.
For more info on privilege separation read /usr/share/doc/openssh/README.privsep.
Should privilege separation be used? (yes/no) '''yes'''
Warning: The following function requires administrator privileges!
Should this script create a local user 'sshd' on this machine? (yes/no) '''yes'''
Generating /etc/sshd_config file
Warning: The following functions require administrator privileges!
Warning: The following functions require administrator privileges!
Do you want to install sshd as service?
Do you want to install sshd as service?
(Say "no" if it's already installed as service) (yes/no) '''yes'''
(Say "no" if it's already installed as service) (yes/no) '''yes'''
You appear to be running Windows 2003 Server or later. On 2003 and
later systems, it's not possible to use the LocalSystem account
if sshd should allow passwordless logon (e. g. public key authentication).
If you want to enable that functionality, it's required to create a new
account 'sshd_server' with special privileges, which is then used to run
the sshd service under.
Should this script create a new local account 'sshd_server' which has
the required privileges? (yes/no) '''yes'''
Please enter a password for new user 'sshd_server'. Please be sure that
this password matches the password rules given on your system.
Entering no password will exit the configuration. PASSWORD='''Xesp348RfnMes'''
User 'sshd_server' has been created with password 'Xesp348RfnMes'.
If you change the password, please keep in mind to change the password
for the sshd service, too.
Also keep in mind that the user sshd_server needs read permissions on all
users' .ssh/authorized_keys file to allow public key authentication for
these users!. (Re-)running ssh-user-config for each user will set the
required permissions correctly.
Which value should the environment variable CYGWIN have when
Which value should the environment variable CYGWIN have when
sshd starts? It's recommended to set at least "ntsec" to be
sshd starts? It's recommended to set at least "ntsec" to be
able to change user context without password.
able to change user context without password.
Default is "ntsec". CYGWIN=
Default is "ntsec". CYGWIN='''ntsec'''
The service has been installed under LocalSystem account.
The service has been installed under sshd_server account.
To start the service, call `net start sshd' or `cygrunsrv -S sshd'.
Host configuration finished. Have fun!
Host configuration finished. Have fun!
Start the sshd service
Start the sshd service
net start sshd
net start sshd
Don't forget to open port 22 in the Windows firewall.
Don't forget to open port 22 for the IP address of the Affa server in the Windows firewall.
Testing
ssh Administrator@localhost
ssh Administrator@localhost
==== Configuring rsyncd Service ====
==== Configuring the rsyncd Service ====
Create the /etc/rsyncd.secret file and add the user affa with password '''secretword''' separated by a colon. Replace the placeholder '''secretword''' by a strong password.
Create the /etc/rsyncd.secrets file and add the user affa with password '''secretword''' separated by a colon. Replace the placeholder '''secretword''' by a strong password. The user 'affa' does not need to exist on the local system.
affa:'''secretword'''
affa:'''secretword'''
path = /cygdrive
path = /cygdrive
comment = cygdrive root dir
comment = cygdrive root dir
Uid 18 is the userid of the System account, gid 544 is the groupid of the Administrators group.
Uid 18 is the userid of the System account. Gid 544 is the groupid of the Administrators group (may be shown as root/gid 0 on the Cygwin console).
Start the rsyncd service
Start the rsyncd service
net start rsyncd
net start rsyncd
Don't forget to open port 873 in the Windows firewall.
Don't forget to open port 873 for the IP address of the Affa server in the Windows firewall.
Testing
Login the Affa server and run the following command, where IP_ADDRESS is the IP address of the Windows computer.
Login the Affa server and run the following command, where IP_ADDRESS is the IP address of the Windows computer.
rsync -av affa@IP_ADDRESS::'AFFA/'
rsync -av affa@IP_ADDRESS::'AFFA/'
You should receive a file list of all your drives.
You should receive a file list of all your drives.
=== Security ===
=== Security ===
The rsync daemon protocol does not provide any encryption of the data that is transferred over the connection. Use it only in the local net or VPN.
The rsync daemon protocol does not provide any encryption of the data that is transferred over the connection. Use it only in the local net or VPN.
=== Uninstall ===
* Login with the local Administrator account and run the ''Cygwin Bash Shell''
* Stop services
net stop sshd
net stop rsyncd
* Uninstall services
sc delete sshd
sc delete rsyncd
* Remove local user sshd
net user /delete sshd
* Remove local sshd_server ''(Windows 2003 server only)''
net user /delete sshd_server
* Close the ''Cygwin Bash Shell''
* Remove folder c:\cygwin
=== References ===
=== References ===
* [[Affa]] Contrib
* http://marc-abramowitz.com/archives/2007/10/14/solving-rsync-hangs-with-cygwin/
* http://marc-abramowitz.com/archives/2007/10/14/solving-rsync-hangs-with-cygwin/
[[Category: Backup]]
[[Category: Howto]]
