Changes

3,417 bytes added , 14:29, 8 March 2016

Gave better formatting to echo output in script.

Line 1: Line 1:

===USB Disks===

−

{{Warning box|NTFS partitions are ~~not~~ supported, please use either fat32/vfat or ext2/ext3}}

{{Warning box|NTFS partitions are supported if you install ntfs-3g and ntfsprogs, please use either fat32/vfat or ext2/ext3/ext4}}

−

~~====Introduction====~~

−

~~=====The Problem=====~~

−

~~SME will automatically mount connected USB disk drives into the /media folder.~~

−

~~Auto-mounting will be performed based both the specific USB port used to connect your drives and the order in which they are connected unless you use another method to specify mount points.~~

−

~~Imagine this example:~~

−

* Connect USB 'A' to your system. It is automatically assigned to /dev/sdc and auto-mounted to /media/usbdisk

−

* Disconnect USB 'A' and connect USB 'B' (to the same or to a different USB port). It will be assigned to /dev/sdc and auto-mounted to /media/usbdisk.

−

* Re-connect USB 'A' while USB 'B' is still connected, and it will be assigned to /dev/sdd and auto-mounted to /media/usbdisk1.

−

~~Or this example:~~

−

* Connect USB 'A' to the second USB port on your SME. It is assigned to /dev/sdc

−

* Connect USB 'B' to the first USB port without disconnecting USB 'A'. USB 'B' is assigned to /dev/sdd

−

* Leave both drives connected and re-boot. USB 'B' is now connected to /dev/sdc, while USB 'A' is connected to /dev/sdd!

−

In one case, SME automatically mounted my USB drive in /media/DiskLabel, but, since the resulting automatic entry in /etc/fstab depended on the assigned device, the next drive I connected was also mounted in /media/DiskLabel, even though it had a completely different label!

−

~~=====The Solution=====~~

−

The easiest way to avoid this behavior and provide reliable mount points for your USB drives is to label each drive, then specify the desired mount point in /etc/fstab based on the drive label. This will allow you to:

−

* Reliably mount your USB drives to drive-specific directories regardless of what device is assigned to the drive by SME. This would allow you to specify separate USB disks for specific ibays by using lines like these in /etc/fstab:

−

~~LABEL=Disk1 /home/e-smith/files/ibays/ibay-1/html ext3 defaults~~

−

~~LABEL=Disk2 /home/e-smith/files/ibays/ibay-2/html ext3 defaults~~

−

* Reliably mount multiple disks in the one location, in case you want to use a rotating set of disk drives for backups, by using lines like these in /etc/fstab (just don't connect two of these drives at the same time!):

−

~~LABEL=Disk1 /mnt/backup ext3 defaults~~

−

~~LABEL=Disk2 /mnt/backup ext3 defaults~~

−

~~LABEL=Disk3 /mnt/backup ext3 defaults~~

−

====Supported FileSystems====

−

=====ext2/ext3=====

=====ext2/ext3/ext4=====

<ol>

<li> recommended for USB drives intended for use only on SME

Line 39: Line 12:

dumpe2fs -h /dev/sdc1

</li></ol>

=====NTFS=====

You can format and use the NTFS if you install from [[epel]] ntfs-3g and ntfsprogs

See the complete features of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NTFS-3G ntfs-3g]

yum install ntfs-3g ntfsprogs --enablerepo=epel

=====fat32/vfat=====

Line 44: Line 22:

</li><li> supported natively by Windows

</li><li> (2^32)-1 byte ( 4GB - 1 byte) maximum file size

−

</li><li> ~~Windows 2000 ''format'' and Windows XP Setup's ''format'' will not create a fat32 volume larger than 32 GB~~

</li><li>Requires occasional defragmentation for optimal speed

</li><li> Maximum disk size dependent on cluster size. 32KB Clusters would allow a disk of approximately 8TB</li></ol>

====Identifying your USB drive====

See [[USBDisks#USB_on_SME_8|USB_on_SME_8]] for SME 8 servers.

After connecting your USB drive, execute the command

mount

Line 64: Line 44:

====Formatting your USB drive====

−

=====ext2/ext3=====

=====ext2/ext3/ext4=====

<ol></li><li>Copied with slight changes from [[Affa#Alternatively_setup_a_USB_drive]]

</li><li>Connect a USB hard disk to the USB Bus. Now you must determine what device the kernel has assigned to the drive. View the /var/log/message and search for ''Initializing USB Mass Storage driver''. A few lines below you'll find the name of the device. In this example it is ''sdc''. Replace ''/dev/sdc'' by ''your device'' in following instructions.

Use the fdisk program to create a linux partition

fdisk /dev/sdc

−

You'll most likely find an existing vfat dos partition, which you have to delete first. In the following we assume, that you have created a single partition ''/dev/sdc1''.

You'll most likely find an existing vfat dos partition, which you have to delete first. Refer to http://wiki.contribs.org/AddExtraHardDisk#Partitioning_the_disk for steps to create a partition. In the following we assume, that you have created a single partition ''/dev/sdc1''.

</li><li>Now format the drive with an ext3 filesystem

−

mkfs.ext3 -L MyLabel /dev/sdc1

mkfs ext3 -L MyLabel /dev/sdc1

</li><li>or format the drive with an ext4 filesystem

mkfs ext4 -L MyLabel /dev/sdc1

</li><li>Make the mount point

−

mkdir -p /~~mnt~~/~~affadevice~~

mkdir -p /media/usbdevice

</li><li>Customize /etc/fstab as shown here: [[USBDisks#Customizing_fstab|Customizing fstab]]

</li><li>Mount the drive

mount reads /etc/fstab to look for instructions on what to do if not specifically told on the command line. After updating /etc/fstab as recommended, you can "mount" your USB disk reliably by specifying either the target directory:

−

mount /~~mnt~~/~~affadevice~~

mount /media/usbdevice

or the disk label:

mount LABEL=MyLabel

−

</li><li>Crosscheck your work using ~~the~~ df ~~command~~

</li><li>Crosscheck your work using

−

df</li></ol>

df -h

</li></ol>

=====fat32/vfat=====

You can format your drive from your SME server using

mkfs.vfat -n MyLabel /dev/sdd1

Since this command will '''destroy irretrievably''' all information on the specified device (/dev/sdd1 in this case), be very sure you know exactly which device is the drive you want to format!

=====NTFS=====

You can format and use the NTFS if you install from [[epel]] ntfs-3g and ntfsprogs

yum install ntfs-3g ntfsprogs --enablerepo=epel

then

mkfs.ntfs -n MyLabel /dev/sdd1

Since this command will '''destroy irretrievably''' all information on the specified device (/dev/sdd1 in this case), be very sure you know exactly which device is the drive you want to format!

Line 91: Line 83:

Only required if you didn't label your drive using the previous section.

−

=====ext2/ext3=====

=====ext2/ext3/ext4=====

e2label /dev/sdd1 MyLabel

=====fat32/vfat=====

'''mtools'''

Line 124: Line 117:

====Dual Partitions====

−

A method to use both ext3 and vfat

A method to use both ext3 and vfat

eg. an ext3 partition the size of your server, for an rsync backup.

the rest as vfat for easier portability

Plug in your drive or check it is unmounted

Line 132: Line 127:

d - delete partitions

n - create new partitions

−

p (primary), 1, ~~180G~~ (the size you want)

p (primary), 1, +160G (the size you want)

n - create 2nd partition

p (primary), 2, return (rest of the disk)

Line 140: Line 135:

mkfs.ext3 -L MaxExt3 /dev/sdd1

mkfs.vfat -n MaxVfat /dev/sdd2

−

====Customizing fstab====

Add the following line to the /etc/fstab

−

LABEL=MyLabel /~~mnt~~/affadevice ext3 defaults

LABEL=MyLabel /media/affadevice ext3 defaults

* Replace 'ext3' with 'vfat' if your drive is formatted as fat32/vfat.

−

* Replace /~~mnt~~/affadevice with the folder in which you want your USB drive mounted (here and in all "mount" commands)

* Replace 'ext3' with 'ext4' if your drive is formatted as ext4.

−

* Make sure that the mount directory (/~~mnt~~/affadevice in this example) exists and is empty! Linux will not mount a drive in a directory that is not empty.

* Replace /media/affadevice with the folder in which you want your USB drive mounted (here and in all "mount" commands)

* Make sure that the mount directory (/media/affadevice in this example) exists and is empty! Linux will not mount a drive in a directory that is not empty.

* Add multiple entries as described in [[USBDisks#The_Solution]] to meet your specific requirements.

Or for ntfs

/dev/NTFS-partition /media/affadevice ntfs-3g defaults 0 0

====Mount your disk automatically at boot-up====

Line 161: Line 160:

Once the script exists you can add additional mount commands by editing S95mount_USB using:

−

~~pico~~ -w /etc/e-smith/events/local/S95mount_USB

nano -w /etc/e-smith/events/local/S95mount_USB

The 'local' event will run each time your server boots up. If you connect or disconnect a drive and need to re-mount it you can re-run your auto-mount commands using:

signal-event local

====Mount your disks automatically when connected====

|Please edit this section to specify how to get SME to automatically mount USB drives when they are connected

====Format limitations when linking disk to an ibay====

If you wish to mount an external USB drive, and then add a link in a ibay to that drive, then in order to change ownership and have write access you must format the drive as ext3 only. Refer this forum thread for info

http://forums.contribs.org/index.php?topic=40240.new;topicseen#new

====More Information====

−

* There is a contrib for managing USB disks: http://forums.contribs.org/index.php?topic=35466.0

* There is a contrib for managing USB disks: http://forums.contribs.org/index.php?topic=35466.0

* There is evidence that some external USB enclosures are incompatible with SME: http://forums.contribs.org/index.php?topic=39114.msg178646#msg178646

* Darrell May's HowTo on scrubbing and re-formatting a USB disk: http://distro.ibiblio.org/pub/linux/distributions/smeserver/contribs/dmay/smeserver/7.x/smeserver-usb-disk-howto.htm

====USB on SME 8====

Things change on SME 8

: It's difficult to work out what your device name is ie /dev/sda1

: The mount point isn't automatically added in /etc/fstab

We use hal for the first and manually create and mount for the second

=====Find the Drive Name=====

To find the device name, label, filesystem and the uid

Create the file hal-find-by-property.sh

nano hal-find-by-property.sh

paste the text below into the file and save it.

#! /bin/bash

hal-find-by-property --key volume.fsusage --string filesystem |

while read udi ; do

# ignore optical discs

if test [[ "$(hal-get-property --udi $udi --key volume.is_disc)" == "false" ]]; then

dev=$(hal-get-property --udi $udi --key block.device)

fs=$(hal-get-property --udi $udi --key volume.fstype)

lb=$(hal-get-property --udi $udi --key volume.label)

echo device: $dev", label: "$lb", file system: "$fs", uid: "$udi

done

Make the file executable.

chmod +x hal-find-by-property.sh

Run the file with the USB drive attached and read the output of the file from the terminal.

sh hal-find-by-property.sh

The output will tell you the device, volume label, file system type, and the uid. If this is a new drive you have to run fdisk to create a partition and format the drive before you can mount it.

=====Run fdisk on the Drive=====

To create a partition with fdisk, use the device output from the hal-find-by-property.sh script as the argument to the fdisk command. If the output from hal-find-by-property.sh is /dev/sdb1 the fdisk command will be

fdisk /dev/sdb1

You can list the partitions on the disk by entering the p command when prompted. It's a good idea to see what partitions exist before you start. If the drive is pre-formatted for fat or ntfs it's good practice to delete the factory partitions.

If this is a new drive, you will need to create a new primary partition. Do this by entering an n at the prompt followed by p for primary. Enter a partition number of 1. fdisk will then ask for the first and last sector. If you are formatting a new disk, hit enter at both questions. This will use the entire disk. When the process ends, hit p to verify you have the disk setup like you want it. Once you are happy with the partition table, hit w to write the partition table and exit fdisk.

=====Format The Drive=====

You now need to format the drive. To format the drive with an ext3 filesystem located at /dev/sdb1 and give it a label of usbdrive, issue the following command:

mkfs.ext3 -L usbdrive /dev/sdb1

=====Mount The Drive=====

Finally you mount the drive. As mentioned before, the mount point has to exist before you issue the mount command. A typical place for USB drives to be mounted is /media. If there is already a mount point in /media you can check it by listing the directory contents of media.

ll /media

Once you have a suitable location, make sure nothing is mounted there by issuing the mount command from the terminal with no arguments. If you wanted to mount the drive /dev/sdb1 at /media/usbdrive, you would issue the following command

mount /dev/sdb1 /media/usbdrive

ls -lh /media/usbdrive/

=====UnMount the Drive=====

Unmount the drive before unplugging it with

umount /dev/sdb1

Note: When configuring a USB drive to be used by the built in [[SME_Server:Documentation:Administration_Manual:Chapter10|Workstation Backup To USB]] you must ensure that the drive is not mounted automatically. When configuring the Workstation Backup, it will look for unmounted removable drives and allow you to select what you want. If the drive is already mounted when you configure it then you will get an error saying "No Removable disk available".

The same applies for the [[SME_Server:Documentation:Administration_Manual:Chapter6#Option_8:_Perform_backup_to_USB_device|Console Backup to USB]]

----

[[Category:Howto]]

[[Category:Administration:Storage]]

Uniqsys

edits

Retrieved from "https://wiki.koozali.org/Special:MobileDiff/5685...30541"

Changes

USBDisks (view source)

Revision as of 14:29, 8 March 2016

Navigation menu

Search