MySQL
SME Server runs MySQL as a database server. A lot of applications require a MySQL database, among them is the Horde webmail interface which is supplied by SME Server by default.
- MySQL website: http://www.mysql.com
- MySQL 4.1 manual: http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/4.1/en/
General
The SME Server is based on CentOS, the development team will take their stock RPM's from the CentOS releases. The current version of MySQL installed on SME Server is version 4.1.20.
You can upgrade MySQL to a higher version but you are advised not to do so, as this might break your SME Server configuration. The Horde webmail interface relies on MySQL. Upgrading to version 5.x is known to break stuff like webmail. If you insist on upgrading MySQL you may be able to find instructions in the forum, but be advised that no support can be expected from the developers and all bugs reported in the bugtracker will not be taken into account.
MySQL on SME Server runs on a socket instead of on a port which you might be accustomed to. This is done to improve security as in the view of the development team only the server itself (localhost) needs to have access to the MySQL server. However you can configure MySQL to be accessible from the local network (see below).
MySQL root password
There appears to be no password set for the MySQL root password, but this is not true. If you are logged in to the SME Server shell a special mechanism is in place to log you in with MySQL root privileges without prompting you for the password.
The MySQL root password for SME Server is a 72 character random string generated during installation of SME Server. You should never change the MySQL root password as this will break your SME Server configuration. How to login as MySQL root user? describes how to access MySQL with root privileges on SME Server.
Login as MySQL root user
To login as MySQL root user, simply type 'mysql' at the SME Server shell, this will log you in with root privileges.
Resetting the MySQL root password
To reset the password for the MySQL root account. The MySQL root user on SME Server has a random generated password which is generated during installation. You do not need to know this password to login to MySQL with root privileges on SME Server. If you might have changed the MySQL root password you can reset it like this after getting command line access as root user.
For SME Server 7.3 and more recent versions do the following:
cd /var/service/mysqld sv d . expand-template /root/.my.cnf expand-template /var/service/mysqld/set.password /usr/libexec/mysqld --bootstrap --user=mysql --skip-grant-tables < ./set.password sv u .
For SME Server 7.2 and earlier releases do the following (they use the runsvctrl command instead of the sv command):
cd /var/service/mysqld runsvctrl d . expand-template /root/.my.cnf expand-template /var/service/mysqld/set.password /usr/libexec/mysqld --bootstrap --user=mysql --skip-grant-tables < ./set.password runsvctrl u .
Restoring accidently deleted MySQL root user
Note: The following is only applicable on SME 7.3 and MySQL 4.1
cd /var/service/mysqld
sv d .
echo 'use mysql;'>set.rootuser
echo -n 'INSERT INTO user VALUES("localhost","root","",'>>set.rootuser
echo '"Y","Y","Y","Y","Y","Y","Y","Y","Y","Y","Y","Y","Y","Y","Y","Y","Y","Y","Y","Y","Y","","","","",0,0,0);'>>set.rootuser
expand-template /root/.my.cnf
expand-template /var/service/mysqld/set.password
/usr/libexec/mysqld --bootstrap --user=mysql --skip-grant-tables < set.rootuser
/usr/libexec/mysqld --bootstrap --user=mysql --skip-grant-tables < set.password
sv u .
Access MySQL from the local network
MySQL on SME Server is run on a socket instead of on a port. MySQL on SME Server is by default configured to allow only localhost connections to improve security, this means that it is only accessible from the server itself and not from the local network nor from the internet. If you wish to enable local network access, execute the following commands on a SME Server shell as root:
config setprop mysqld LocalNetworkingOnly no expand-template /etc/my.cnf sv t /service/mysqld
Access MySQL from a remote network
If you wish to enable access to MySQL databases from remote networks, then in addition to the LocalNetworkingOnly db setting mentioned above, you will need to execute the following commands:
config set mysqld service access public status enabled TCPPort 3306 signal-event remoteaccess-update signal-event reboot
Keep in mind this enables access to your MySQL database for ANYONE, so make sure you have strong passwords on ALL your MySQL databases. Alternatively it would be a more secure approach to require external (remote) users to establish a VPN connection and effectively become part of the local network. In that case do not change the mysql access to public status using the above command.
Create MySQL user(s) with access from other computers
SME Server's default mysql database users, and most of the database examples in the wiki, allow login only from localhost.
If you want to access a mysql database on your SME server from other computers, you must not only make the configuration changes described above, you must also create a user who is allowed to login from those systems (see 5.5.4. Access Control, Stage 1: Connection Verification for more detail).
Allow mysql login from any LAN workstation
Assuming your local network is 192.168.xx.0, you can create a user with mysql access from any LAN workstation (or VPN client) using the command shown below (couresy of DarkMirage).
You probably want to change:
- the database name (MyDB)
- the user name (MyUser)
- the password (MyPW) and
- the allowed computers (192.168.xx.%)
## In the command below, \ escapes a linebreak. ## Either include them, or place the entire command on one line mysql -e "\ create database MyDB; \ GRANT SELECT,INSERT,UPDATE,DELETE,CREATE,ALTER \ ON *.* \ TO 'MyUser'@'192.168.xx.%' \ IDENTIFIED BY 'MyPW'; \ FLUSH PRIVILEGES;"
Security Implications of allowing remote mysql login
It is technically possible to combine the above techniques to allow remote mysql login from any host on the Internet (allow network login, open the firewall, then set the network address to '%'). This would be a bad idea.
If you have remote users who need access to your mysql database(s), encourage them to use a VPN connection, or an SSH tunnel, or (at a minimum), restrict the allowed login hosts to their internet IP address.
Enable InnoDB engine
To enable the InnoDB engine, run the following commands:
db configuration setprop mysqld InnoDB enabled expand-template /etc/my.cnf sv t /service/mysqld
To disable the InnoDB engine, run the following commands:
db configuration setprop mysqld InnoDB disabled expand-template /etc/my.cnf sv t /service/mysqld
Administration
Information about user managament can be found in the MySQL User Account Management section of the MySQL manual, which holds a lot of useful information, a small section is listed here for convenience.
Create a new database
- See the developers guide if you wish to automate the creation of a database within an rpm
or
- Get access to the SME Server shell and issue the following commands:
mysqladmin create 'dbname' --default-character-set=utf8
This will create an empty database called dbname.
Creating MySQL user(s)
Decide which permissions you will have to give to the user on what database. Details about this can be found in the MySQL Manual found at the MySQL site. Get access to the SME Server shell and issue the following commands to login to the MySQL server:
mysql
Suppose we want to create a user which has read-only access on all tables in the database called 'test':
GRANT SELECT ON test.* TO 'user'@'host' IDENTIFIED BY 'password';
In the above line you will have to fill in the user and the host and/or domain from which you will allow the user access to the SME Server MySQL server (don't forget the single quotes). More information can be found in the MySQL Server Manual at the MySQL website linked here.
Listing available databases
To view a list of available databases on the system you can issue the following command while logged in in MySQL:
show databases;
Remove a database
Get access to the SME Server shell and MySQL and issue the following command:
drop database databasename;
Replace databasename with the name of the database.
Remove a user
Get access to the SME Server shell and MySQL and issue the following command:
USE mysql; DELETE FROM user WHERE user = 'username'; FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
Replace username with the username you wish to delete.
Optimizing MYSQL default settings
SME Server uses MYSQL for the webmail package, and the default configuration is optimized for that.
If you are using the SME server to provide MYSQL databases for functions running on workstations, you may need to adjust some of the default MySQL parameters. Keep in mind it is difficult to optimize MYSQL for a number of different applications, as default values that are suitable for one application may not be suitable for another. In determining appropriate settings for MYSQL, you will also need to consider the system resources & general specification of the server that MYSQL is running on.
Pointers for tuning and optimizing the databases can be found at http://www.mysqlperformanceblog.com/2006/09/29/what-to-tune-in-mysql-server-after-installation/ and http://lists.mysql.com/mysql/214398 and specifically re key_buffer_size at http://lists.mysql.com/mysql/214398
The following example comes from this forum thread http://forums.contribs.org/index.php/topic,46694.0.html and refers to this bug report http://bugs.contribs.org/show_bug.cgi?id=6287
To change the following parameters
key_buffer_size=18M myisam_sort_buffer_size=8M
Create a custom template fragment & edit it to include your required parameters
mkdir -p /etc/e-smith/templates-custom/etc/my.cnf/ nano -w 011mysetup
Save & Exit
Ctrl o Ctrl x
Expand the changes & restart mysql
expand-template /etc/my.cnf sv t /service/mysqld
Check /etc/my.cnf to see that the changes are reflected.