Difference between revisions of "Useful Commands"
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Below is a list of commands that I use all the time & tend to forget. | Below is a list of commands that I use all the time & tend to forget. | ||
===Generic Linux=== | ===Generic Linux=== | ||
− | COMMAND NAME DESCRIPTION | + | |
+ | {| class="wikitable" | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ! COMMAND NAME !! DESCRIPTION | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | df -h || shows disk usage in human readable form | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | man <commandname> || shows more info about a command | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | uname -a || kernel release version | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | /usr/sbin/smbd -V || samba version | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | /usr/sbin/httpd -v || apache version | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | mysql -v || mysql version | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | php -v || php version | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | mv || moves or renames a file | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | cp || copies or backup a file | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | rm || removes or deletes a file | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | ps -aux|grep <process> || outputs processes running <process> | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | ps -AH || report process status | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | top || shows processes | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | top -i || shows only active processes | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | htop || shows processes (more versatile than top) | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | iptraf || shows network info | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | mc -d || show midnight commander (cli file browser) to navigate through system easily | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | cat /proc/mdstat || shows software raid | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | host -t mx aol.com || shows the mx records for aol.com | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | net groupmap list || shows samba mappings to nt groups | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | telinit 1 || changes to single user mode | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | ifconfig || shows detailed info on ethernet ports | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | grep -r "casesensitivesearch" * || finds all documents containing the criteria in a dir | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | tail -f /var/log/<LOGFILE> || realtime viewing of your log file | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | hdparm -Tt /dev/mdx (where x is 0,1,2,etc) || shows software raid performance | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | mdadm --detail /dev/mdx (where x is 0,1,2,etc) || gives raid info | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | tar -czvf foo.tar.gz foo || creates a tar/zip file of a directory | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | tar -xvzf foo.tar.gz || untar/unzip a tar/zip file | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | scp -P <ssh_portnumber> foo.tar.gz <user>@<other_server_ipaddress>:/opt || transfers file to another server in /opt directory | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | rsync --progress -te "ssh -p <ssh_portnumber>" foo <other_server_ipaddress>:/opt || transfers file to another server | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | sed -i s/foo/fee/g <FILENAMEORPATHTODIR> || replaces foo with fee | ||
+ | |} | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | COMMAND NAME DESCRIPTION | ||
df -h shows disk usage in human readable form | df -h shows disk usage in human readable form | ||
man <commandname> shows more info about a command | man <commandname> shows more info about a command |
Revision as of 23:36, 18 February 2013
Apache Related Commands
- Expand httpd.conf template:
expand-template /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
- Restart httpd:
/etc/init.d/httpd-e-smith restart
- To leave Apache reads the distributed configuration file .htaccess per ibay:
db accounts setprop IBAYNAME AllowOverride All signal-event ibay-modify IBAYNAME
- Allow PHP URL File Open per ibay:
Make custom httpd directory if not exist
mkdir -p /etc/e-smith/templates-custom/etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
Create the template name 99allow_url_fopen and put the content
<Directory /home/e-smith/files/ibays/IBAYNAME/html> php_admin_flag allow_url_fopen on </Directory>
Save the file
Expand
expand-template /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
Restart httpd.
/etc/init.d/httpd-e-smith restart
PHP Related Commands
- Expand php.ini template:
expand-template /etc/php.ini
- Configure PHP Basedir Restriction per ibay:
db accounts setprop IBAYNAME PHPBaseDir DIR1:DIR2:DIRn signal-event ibay-modify IBAYNAME
Example
db accounts setprop Primary PHPBaseDir /home/e-smith/files/ibays/Primary:/tmp signal-event ibay-modify Primary
- Execution Time:
db configuration setprop php MaxExecutionTime ZZ expand-template /etc/php.ini /etc/init.d/httpd-e-smith restart
where ZZ is the time in seconds.
- Memory Limit:
db configuration setprop php MemoryLimit XXM expand-template /etc/php.ini /etc/init.d/httpd-e-smith restart
where XX is the amount of memory in Mb.
- Upload Max File Size:
db configuration setprop php UploadMaxFilesize WW expand-template /etc/php.ini /etc/init.d/httpd-e-smith restart
where WW is the file size in Mb.
- Allow URL FOpen:
Not secure. Instead use per ibay or directory.
Squid Cache
Extracted from: http://forums.contribs.org/index.php?topic=38848.msg176737#msg176737
Flush and Restart
sv d /service/squid echo "" > /var/spool/squid/swap.state sv u /service/squid
& to check it's running
sv s /service/squid
Command-Line Quick Reference Guide
Below is a list of commands that I use all the time & tend to forget.
Generic Linux
COMMAND NAME | DESCRIPTION |
---|---|
df -h | shows disk usage in human readable form |
man <commandname> | shows more info about a command |
uname -a | kernel release version |
/usr/sbin/smbd -V | samba version |
/usr/sbin/httpd -v | apache version |
mysql -v | mysql version |
php -v | php version |
mv | moves or renames a file |
cp | copies or backup a file |
rm | removes or deletes a file |
grep <process> | outputs processes running <process> |
ps -AH | report process status |
top | shows processes |
top -i | shows only active processes |
htop | shows processes (more versatile than top) |
iptraf | shows network info |
mc -d | show midnight commander (cli file browser) to navigate through system easily |
cat /proc/mdstat | shows software raid |
host -t mx aol.com | shows the mx records for aol.com |
net groupmap list | shows samba mappings to nt groups |
telinit 1 | changes to single user mode |
ifconfig | shows detailed info on ethernet ports |
grep -r "casesensitivesearch" * | finds all documents containing the criteria in a dir |
tail -f /var/log/<LOGFILE> | realtime viewing of your log file |
hdparm -Tt /dev/mdx (where x is 0,1,2,etc) | shows software raid performance |
mdadm --detail /dev/mdx (where x is 0,1,2,etc) | gives raid info |
tar -czvf foo.tar.gz foo | creates a tar/zip file of a directory |
tar -xvzf foo.tar.gz | untar/unzip a tar/zip file |
scp -P <ssh_portnumber> foo.tar.gz <user>@<other_server_ipaddress>:/opt | transfers file to another server in /opt directory |
rsync --progress -te "ssh -p <ssh_portnumber>" foo <other_server_ipaddress>:/opt | transfers file to another server |
sed -i s/foo/fee/g <FILENAMEORPATHTODIR> | replaces foo with fee |
COMMAND NAME DESCRIPTION
df -h shows disk usage in human readable form man <commandname> shows more info about a command uname -a kernel release version /usr/sbin/smbd -V samba version /usr/sbin/httpd -v apache version mysql -v mysql version php -v php version mv moves or renames a file cp copies or backsup a file rm removes or deletes a file ps -aux|grep <process> outputs processes running <process> ps -AH report process status top shows processes top -i shows only active processes htop shows processes (more versatile than top) iptraf shows network info mc -d show midnight commander (cli file browser) to navigate through system easily cat /proc/mdstat shows software raid host -t mx aol.com shows the mx records for aol.com net groupmap list shows samba mappings to nt groups telinit 1 changes to single user mode ifconfig shows detailed info on ethernet ports grep -r "casesensitivesearch" * finds all documents containing the criteria in a dir tail -f /var/log/<LOGFILE> realtime viewing of your log file hdparm -Tt /dev/mdx (where x is 0,1,2,etc) shows software raid performance mdadm --detail /dev/mdx (where x is 0,1,2,etc) gives raid info tar -czvf foo.tar.gz foo creates a tar/zip file of a directory tar -xvzf foo.tar.gz untar/unzip a tar/zip file scp -P <ssh_portnumber> foo.tar.gz <user>@<other_server_ipaddress>:/opt transfers file to another server in /opt directory rsync --progress -te "ssh -p <ssh_portnumber>" foo <other_server_ipaddress>:/opt transfers file to another server sed -i s/foo/fee/g <FILENAMEORPATHTODIR> replaces foo with fee
Estimate file space usage - drill down into directories
cd / du --si --max-depth 1 cd /home du --si --max-depth 1 cd /home/e-smith du --si --max-depth 1
RPM's
Command | Explanation |
---|---|
rpm -qa | shows all rpms installed |
rpm -qa --last | shows all rpms installed & installation date |
rpm -q | asks for rpm info |
rpm -qi | asks for detailed rpm info |
rpm -ql <packagename> | lists all files in a package |
rpm -qf <filename> | reports what package a file belongs to |
YUM'ing
Command | Explanation |
---|---|
yum install <packagename> | installs packagename & any package it may need |
yum remove <packagename> | removes packagename |
yum list updates | list updates to any installed package |
yum list available | list available packages in all repos not already installed |
grep <reponame> | list available packages -shows only from repo name |
yum search <packagename> | lists all packages in all repos matching packagename |
yum --enablerepo=<reponame> <command> | enables a repo not normally enabled |
/sbin/e-smith/audittools/newrpms | shows all extra packages installed |
SME Server specific
Command | Explanation |
---|---|
signal-event post-upgrade | performs SME Server to go regenerate all templates |
signal-event reboot | reboots the server |
signal-event <event> | performs SME Server to go regenerate event template (you may use TAB to auto-complete your command line) |
signal-event dns-update | refreshes the DNS cache, useful for when you know a domain has changed IP and the TTL is too long to wait |
/etc/e-smith/events/actions/navigation-conf | recreates server-manager navigation panel |
config show | display the internal configuration of the server |
config show <service name> | show the service configuration (you may use TAB to auto-complete your command line) |
db | shows the syntax of the db command |
db configuration show | shows the entire server configuration |
db configuration setprop <record> <property> <value> | sets or changes a property in the configuration database |
db accounts show | shows all account details |
db accounts show <accountname> | shows the account details |
db command
you can see this page of the wiki DB_Variables_Configuration
General Service Handling
- start
sv u /service/servicename
- stop
sv d /service/servicename
- restart
sv t /service/servicename
Apache Service
Restarting:
sv t /service/httpd-e-smith